Trout
Did you know that fly fishing was a method primarily introduced to catch trout? Yes, the natural diet of a trout consist of live fish about 1/3 of their size and flies such as mayflies, caddis flies, stone flies, mollusk, dragonflies and zoo-plankton.
Trout are pretty easy to catch but as a sport fisherman, again, knowing the habitat and natural habits of the trout improve your chances of catching one. Though as a child, trout, bass and catfish seemed to be the only fish I could catch their sizes were generally small not more than 11 inches in most cases. Growing up in the Pacific Northwest there are plenty of rivers and lake to fish in and for the most part, trout are breed in fisheries and released into local lakes and rivers due to overfishing, which was probably why I always seemed to catch a rainbow trout more than any other fish.
brook trout
Now when it comes to river trout fishing or river fishing, knowledge of the river current and habits of the trout help to improve your chances of either catching more fish or larger fish. For me I don’t go out to catch a lot of fish unless I am hungry but to catch the large fish and then put it back.
The best time to catch any fish is about 45 minutes after sunrise or sunset. Check out the moon phases for more information on lunar tides and fish behavior. The best place to find trout is in a river riffle at feeding time. A riffle is an area of the river with fast moving currents in shallow water where trout come to eat. Since I already told you about what they eat, you can figure out why they come to shallower waters during feeding time.
speckled sea trout
If you weren’t able to get out at the butt crack of dawn or at sunset or are just out fishing in the afternoon you may want to check the river pools and lakes. River pools are deeper, slow moving currents or lakes. Try shady areas like lily pad beds or areas that have a lot of shelter or cover such as shrub areas, lake water forest maybe even beaver dams. River runs are also a good place to find trout any time of the day because it would make sense that they would be running between riffles and pools between feedings.
Besides the basic fly fishing tackle or equipment and gear such as a fly fishing reel or reels, fly fishing rods and fly lures that mimic mayflies or caddis flies; you should use a 4-8 lb. test line and a 8-5 hook. This should be good no matter where you are fishing via a river, lake or ocean. Though you can still catch a trout using the stick, line, hook and worm method 
rainbow trout
There are several different varieties of trout most popular are the rainbow trout, brook trout, brown trout and speckled sea trout. Trout actually have the ability to camouflage themselves or in other words, they can change their color and patters to blend into their environments. For the most part, they all have the same characteristics like flimsy boneless fins, a fat tail and big eyes though genetically they are all essentially the same.
brown trout
Like salmon and sea turtles, legend has it that trout return to their birthplace, whether this is true or not is something I think can be established as true or false depending on your own observational skills.